Atomic Bonding

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                      ATOMIC BONDING


We've discussed about atoms and molecules in my last blog . But let's recall. Molecules are a group of two or more atoms and they make up matter. Atoms combine to form a large variety of molecules. But how do atoms combine in the first place? They combine through a process called bonding. In this blog, I am going to discuss what is bonding and the 3 types of bonding. Get ready for the adventure!

Bonding

The bonds that hold atoms together are formed by the outermost electron shells of the atoms.
There are three types of bonding- covalent bonding, ionic bonding and metallic bonding.

1. Ionic Bonding

Many solids are made of ions- atoms which carry an electric charge, because of more or less electrons. Ions form when atoms or group of atoms give or receive electrons so that they can fill their outermost electron shells.
Let's take an example.
Salt is formed when sodium and chlorine combine together. The outer shell of sodium consists of 1 electron and the outer shell of chlorine consists of 7 electrons. 
In order to combine with each other, sodium gives away its 1 electron to chlorine so that chlorine attains 8 electrons in its outer shell. Now, sodium is positively charged( because it has more protons than electrons) and chlorine is negatively charged( because it has more electrons than protons). This is how Ionic bonding takes place.

2. Covalent bonding

Another way atoms can fill their full electron shells is by sharing their electrons in a covalent bond. Molecules are a group of atoms that are bonded by covalent bonding. Covalent bonding are  further of 3 types:

1. Single bonding

In this type of bonding, each atom shares its one electron with the another atom.

2. Double bonding

In this type of bonding, atoms share their 2 electrons with each other.

3. Triple bonding

In this type of bonding, atoms share their 3 electrons with each other.

4. Metallic bonding

Metallic bonding take place in metals. Metals consist of atoms that are held in their places with a sea of electrons. These atoms form a regular pattern- a crystal! Although the electrons secure the atoms in place, they are independent and can move freely through the crystalline metal. This is why metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
  
This is all you got to know about bonding and its types. Sounds easy isn't it?
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